The religious, social, and political climate of 1st-century Roman Judea and its neighbouring provinces was extremely diverse, characterized by socio-political turmoil,, with numerous Judaic movements that were both religious and political.
The Roman province of Judea in the 1st century AD Early 1st-century Christians primarily referenced the Septuagint version of the Hebrew Scriptures as it is written in Greek. The Hebrew Bible developed during the Second Temple Period, as the Jews decided which religious texts were of divine origin. In this period, the temple in Jerusalem was still central to Judaism, but synagogues were also established as institutions for prayer and the reading of Jewish sacred texts. The basic tenets of the Jewish religion during this era were ethical monotheism and the Torah, or the Mosaic Law. Origins Jewish–Hellenistic background įurther information: Hellenistic Judaism, Second Temple Judaism, and Second Temple PeriodĬhristianity originated in 1st-century Judea from a sect of apocalyptic Jewish Christians within Second Temple Judaism. Within the last century, the center of growth has shifted from West to East and from North to the global South. Today, there are more than two billion Christians worldwide and Christianity has become the world's largest religion. In the twenty-first century, Christianity has expanded throughout the world.
Growing criticism of the Roman Catholic church and its corruption in the Late Middle Ages (from the 14th to 15th centuries) led to the Protestant Reformation and its related reform movements, which concluded with the European wars of religion. During the High Middle Ages, Eastern and Western Christianity grew apart, leading to the East–West Schism of 1054. In the Early Middle Ages, missionary activities spread Christianity towards the west and the north. Ĭhristianity played a prominent role in the development of Western civilization in Europe after the Fall of Rome. Various Christological debates about the human and divine nature of Jesus occupied the Christian Church for three centuries, and seven ecumenical councils were called to resolve them. The Roman Emperor Constantine I became the first Christian emperor and in 313, issued the Edict of Milan expressing tolerance for all religions thereby legalizing Christian worship. Christianity spread as a grassroots movement that became established by the third century. Christianity remained a Jewish sect for centuries, diverging gradually from Judaism over doctrinal, social and historical differences. The earliest followers of Jesus were apocalyptic Jewish Christians. His followers believe that, according to the Gospels, he was the Son of God and that he died for the forgiveness of sins and was raised from the dead and exalted by God, and will return soon at the inception of God's kingdom. AD 30–33 in Jerusalem in the Roman province of Judea. Christianity originated with the ministry of Jesus, a Jewish teacher and healer who proclaimed the imminent Kingdom of God and was crucified c. The history of Christianity concerns the Christian religion, Christian countries, and the Christians with their various denominations, from the 1st century to the present.
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